Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Paraquat Using a Bismuth‐Film Electrode

Abstract

Abstract A bismuth‐film electrode (BiFE) ex situ electrochemically deposited onto a copper substrate has been presented for paraquat determination. The bismuth film was electrochemically deposited at an applied potential of −0.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 M KCl) for 200 s. The analytical curve was linear in the paraquat concentration range from 6.6×10 −7 M to 4.8×10 −5 M with a limit of detection of 9.3×10 −8 M. The method presented satisfactory results at a confidence level of 95% and the performance was evaluated in water samples.