In real-life applications, the provably good layout algorithm presented in Chapter 5 does not perform well enough to be of service. Thus, in practice, the layout problem is solved in a sequence of phases that attack subproblems with exact algorithms or heuristically. These phases are combined with a suitable usage of the circuit hierarchy. The first layout phase usually solves some variant of the placement problem.
Massoud PedramMalgorzata Marek-SadowskaE.S. Kuh
Rajeev K. NainMalgorzata Chrzanowska-Jeske