Evaluation of hemostatic effects of sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) leaf

Abstract

External bleeding refers to the condition where blood exits the body due to the rupture of blood vessels accompanied by tissue damage on the skin surface. Severe external bleeding can lead to blood loss and even death, necessitating prompt hemostasis. Hemostasis can be achieved using hemostatic medications or herbal remedies. One traditionally utilized herbal remedy is Peronema canescens Jack., commonly known as sungkai. However, there has been no prior scientific investigation regarding the use of sungkai for hemostasis. The aim. The objective of this study is to evaluate the hemostatic activity of ethanol leaf extract of Peronema canescens Jack. Materials and methods. The hemostatic activity testing was conducted by orally administering formulations to male and female rats for 5 consecutive days. A total of 25 male and 25 female rats were used, divided into 5 groups: normal control (2 mL/kg BW of distilled water), positive control (0.9 mg/kg BW of Phytomenadione), and ethanol leaf extract of Peronema canescens Jack. at doses of 250 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW, and 1000 mg/kg BW. The day following dosing, bleeding time was measured using the Duke method, involving a 4 cm tail tip amputation to measure the time from the first drop until bleeding cessation. The parameter assessed in this study was the bleeding time, calculated from the first drop until the blood ceased dripping. Result. The mean bleeding times (seconds) in the respective treatment groups of normal control, positive control, ethanol leaf extract of Peronema canescens Jack. at doses of 250 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW, and 1000 mg/kg BW in male rats were 717.40 ± 29.71; 542.20 ± 22.86; 383.00 ± 11.70; 326.80 ± 22.94; 328.60 ± 11.84, respectively (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean bleeding times (seconds) in the treatment groups in female rats were 451.40 ± 14.31; 396.80 ± 15.40; 381.60 ± 17.15; 328.80 ± 17.73; 264.20 ± 14.65, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion. The ethanol extract of sungkai leaves shows hemostatic activity, although not as effective as Phytomenadione