Transforming paramedic training with virtual reality

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) training in enhancing paramedics' preparedness and response skills in mass casualty incidents (MCIs). Design This was an observational study of registered paramedics and intensive care paramedic students from NSW Ambulance. Participants completed a 30-minute VR training session simulating a car crash MCI scenario, plus pre- and post-intervention surveys measuring gaming literacy, prior simulation experience and perceived improvements in MCI skills. Findings Results indicated significant improvements in paramedics' MCI response self-efficacy. Prior to VR training, only 30.0% felt confident in managing an MCI. Post-training, over 90% reported improved skills in triage and patient management, as well as improvement in self-identified areas of weakness. Participants found the VR technology easy to use and highly immersive, with all respondents indicating the scenario mimicked real-world conditions and was transferable to their workplace. Research implications This study highlights the need for standardised protocols and comprehensive performance metrics in VR training to ensure consistent outcomes across different settings. Future research should focus on long-term skill retention and objective performance data (e.g., heat mapping, time tracking) to validate VR training effectiveness. Practical implications The findings support integrating VR training into paramedic education to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in MCI scenarios. Tailoring VR modules to address individual gaming literacy can enhance user engagement and training effectiveness. Value This study contributes to the growing body of literature on VR in emergency medical training by demonstrating its potential to significantly improve paramedic readiness and performance in MCIs. The use of VR provides a realistic, repeatable, and immersive training environment that traditional methods lack. Limitations Limitations include a small sample size, lack of longitudinal data on skill retention, and the absence of objective performance measurements. Future research should address these gaps to validate and enhance the effectiveness of VR training in paramedicine.