Voltammetric determination of bisphenol A using modified carbon paste electrode

Abstract

Designing effective and accurate methods to determine bisphenol A (BPA) residues is crucial for safeguarding food safety and preserving the environment. The main objective of the present work is to develop a simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor to detect BPA based on a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). For this, CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) and ionic liquid (IL) were used to modify CPE. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was utilised as the technique to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of BPA at the surface of various electrodes (unmodified CPE, CeO2 NPs/CPE, ILCPE, and CeO2 NPs/ILCPE). The obtained result showed that the CeO2 NPs/ILCPE exhibited better electrocatalytic performance to BPA oxidation than that observed at other CPEs. For quantification of BPA, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was utilised. Under the optimum detection conditions, the CeO2 NPs/ILCPE sensor showed good linearity in the detection of BPA within range 0.02–460.0 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µM. Finally, the enhanced electrochemical response from CeO2 NPs/IL-modified CPE towards BPA has been used to evaluate the practical application of this sensor. The obtained results (recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) values) confirmed the applicability of the modified CPE to detect BPA in real samples. Based on the findings, the CeO2 NPs/ILCPE sensor appears to be a suitable platform for BPA determination.