Functional and Smart Nanomaterials in Energy: Advances and Applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology is transforming energy solutions; the study covers the newest energy applications of functional and smart nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are used in energy conversion, storage, harvesting, and efficiency. Nanomaterials have improved solar cells, fuel cells, and thermoelectric devices. Their vast surface area and configurable band gaps improve energy conversion performance. Nanomaterials in lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and more have revolutionized energy storage. Nanostructured electrodes and nanocomposites increase energy density, cycle stability, and charge-discharge rates. Piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators can capture ambient energy for self-powered devices. Nanomaterials also improve energy management system efficiency. Smart windows using nanomaterials manage light and heat transfer, saving buildings energy. Nanosensors enhance energy efficiency by monitoring and optimizing energy in real-time. This paper also tackles the issues of scaling up nanomaterial production and manufacturing for large-scale applications. Nanomaterial integration into energy devices requires stability, dependability, and safety. This review article summarises the current research on functional and smart nanomaterials in energy and their potential to solve global energy problems. It helps academics, engineers, and politicians create sustainable and efficient energy solutions.