Pendidikan dan Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Negara Brunei Darussalam, 1914-1962: Satu Kajian Transformasi

Abstract

IKHTISAR: Artikel ini – dengan mengguna-pakai pendekatan kualitatif, kaedah sejarah, dan sorotan literatur – membicarakan transformasi pendidikan dan dasar-dasar pendidikan dari tahun 1914 hingga 1962, yang melihatkan tingkat kemajuan, di samping berhadapan dengan berbagai hambatan di Brunei Darussalam. Sebelum Sekolah Melayu ditubuhkan pada tahun 1914, masyarakat Brunei sudah mempunyai pendidikan Islam yang dilakukan di rumah-rumah persendirian, balai, surau, masjid, dan istana. Ia diajarkan oleh para ulama dan orang-orang yang berkemahiran dalam bidang agama. Pendidikan ini semakin pupus, apabila pendidikan agama juga diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah. Sekolah Melayu yang baru ditubuhkan kurang mendapat sambutan dari ibu bapa. Kesedaran pentingnya pendidikan semakin ketara pada tahun-tahun 1950-an, apabila didapati semakin ramai pelajar hadir ke sekolah. Sekolah-sekolah lain, seperti Sekolah Inggeris dan China, juga menunjukkan peningkatan. Oleh itu, pendidikan Brunei memerlukan dasar pendidikan untuk menentukan hala tujunya. Dengan yang demikian, wujudlah Dasar Pendidikan 1954 dan 1962. Bagaimanapun, Dasar Pendidikan 1962 gagal dilaksanakan, terutama menjadikan Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar utama di sekolah-sekolah Brunei Darussalam. KATA KUNCI: Pendidikan dan Dasar Pendidikan; Transformasi Sosial; Negara Brunei Darussalam. ABSTRACT: “Education and Educational Policies of Brunei Darussalam, 1914-1962: A Transformation Study”. This article – using a qualitative approach, historical method, and literature review – discusses the transformation of education and educational policies from 1914 to 1962, which saw the level of progress, as well as facing various obstacles in Brunei Darussalam. Before Malay School was founded in 1914, the Bruneian community already has had Islamic education in private homes, halls, little mosques, mosques, and palaces. It is taught by scholars and people who are skilled in the field of religion. This education is becoming extinct, when religious education is also taught in schools. Malay School fledgling little support from parents. Awareness of the importance of education became more pronounced in the 1950s, when more and more students attended schools. Other schools, such as English and Chinese Schools, are also showing improvement. Therefore, Brunei education needs an educational policy to determine its direction. Thus, there was an Education Policy in 1954 and 1962. However, the Education Policy of 1962 failed to be implemented, especially the Malay Language as the main medium of instruction in schools of Brunei Darussalam. KEY WORD: Education and Educational Policy; Social Transformation; Brunei Darussalam. About the Author: Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Awang Asbol bin Haji Mail ialah Pensyarah Kanan di Jabatan APB UBD (Akademi Pengajian Brunei, Universiti Brunei Darussalam) di Bandar Seri Begawan, Negara Brunei Darussalam. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, Penulis boleh dihubungi secara terus melalui alamat emel di: [email protected] Suggested Citation: Mail, Haji Awang Asbol bin Haji. (2020). “Pendidikan dan Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Negara Brunei Darussalam, 1914-1962: Satu Kajian Transformasi” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah , Volume 8(2), September, pp.119-136. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808 (print) and ISSN 2684-7388 (online). A rticle Timeline : Accepted (July 17, 2020); Revised (August 17, 2020); and Published (September 30, 2020).