Core‐Shell Structured LiTi₂(PO₄)₃/C Anode for Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Abstract A simple high‐temperature solid‐state reaction route incorporating a polymerization‐coating method is developed to prepare a core‐shell structured LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composite (PDA‐cLTP), using polydopamine(PDA) as the carbon and nitrogen source. The PDA‐cLTP shows an excellent discharge capacity of 117 mAh g −1 at 1 C with a high retention of 91.4 % for 200 cycles. Cycled at 10 C, a capacity of 80 mAh g −1 and a retention of 76.0 % for 1000 cycles are preserved. The high rate capability and cycling stability of PDA‐cLTP are ascribed to the more homogeneous nitrogen‐doped carbon coating on the surface of LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C composite compared to PAN‐cLTP using polyacrylonitrile(PAN) as carbon and nitrogen sources. The reported PDA‐cLTP synthesis and coating design strategies offer effective approaches to develop high electrochemical performance and long‐life aqueous lithium‐ion batteries for utility‐scale/bulk‐storage energy storage applications.