NAD⁺/NADH Tethering on MWNTs-Bucky Papers for Glucose Dehydrogenase-Based Anodes

Abstract

Reagentless and non-reagentless nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) bioanodes integrating multiwalled nanotubes (WMNTs)-bucky papers are introduced in this study. The NAD+ was tethered by pyrene butanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBSE) to the wall of the carbonic MWNTs composing the bucky paper by π-π stacking interactions. The designs have been evaluated electrochemically and by X-ray spectroscopy. The electrodes have been assembled to a quasi-2D microfluidic system with capillary driven flow. Michaelis-Menten analysis on CMN-MG-PBSE-NAD+-GDH, reagentless bioanode, in an electrolytic cell shows a limiting current and constant of IMax = 3.252 ± 0.134 mA.cm−2 and KM = 48.3 ± 4.6 mM at 4°C, and IMax = 2.568 ± 0.085 mA.cm−2 and KM = 13.6 ± 1.8 mM at 25°C for 0.1 M glucose. Results demonstrate the enzymatic system, in non-reagentless and reagentless bioanode, has an extraordinary current density generation. In the reagentless bioanode design, the enzyme and its cofactor are highly catalytically active, and the design can be feasible integrated into biofuel cell assembly and later used as a power source for small portable devices.