Complicated three-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by holographic lithography

Abstract

We have fabricated a kind of three-dimensional photonic crystal in a single exposure by two sets of conventional laser holographic configurations. Specific structural features, such as a kagomelike lattice with p6mm symmetry on the top surface and a chainlike lattice on a cleavage plane, are possessed in this large-area and high-quality complicated microstructure, and many interesting properties such as skyrocketlike diffraction pattern exist. This work demonstrates that holographic lithography is a good method for the fabrication of photonic materials with crystal structure differing from the electronic crystals.