KARAKTERISTIK TIPOLOGI FASAD RUMAH TINGGAL BERGAYA ARSITEKTUR KOLONIAL BELANDA DI KAWASAN BLOK BENGKEL KOTA SIGLI

Abstract

Pada masa kolonial Belanda Kota Sigli merupakan bengkel kereta api terbesar kedua di Indonesia. Saat Kota Sigli dikuasai oleh Belanda mereka melakukan invasi dengan mendirikan bangunan-bangunan, salah satunya rumah tinggal. Akulturasi antara budaya Belanda dan Indonesia membuat bangunan rumah tinggal kolonial dirancang menyesuaikan iklim tropis di Indonesia, sehingga rumah peninggalan kolonial Belanda memiliki karakteristik dan identitas tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik tipologi fasad rumah tinggal bergaya arsitektur kolonial Belanda dan mengidentifikasi faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi tipologi fasad rumah tinggal bergaya arsitektur kolonial Belanda di kawasan Blok Bengkel Kota Sigli. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisa deskriptif serta pendekatan teori tipologi karakteristik elemen arsitektur kolonial. Bangunan kolonial yang dipilih sebagai kasus studi dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling melalui beberapa kriteria. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwasannya terdapat 4 jenis tipe rumah tinggal Kolonial Belanda dikawasan Blok Bengkel Kota Sigli, yaitu: rumah tinggal tipe panggung tunggal, rumah tinggal tipe panggung berderet, rumah tinggal tipe non panggung tunggal, dan rumah tinggal tipe non panggung berderet. Keragaman fasad bangunan didasarkan pada: faktor fisik termasuk iklim, bahan bangunan dan warna, dan faktor non fisik termasuk usia bangunan, kepemilikan bangunan dan fungsinya. During the Dutch colonial period, there was the second largest railway repair shop in Indonesia Sigli City in which Block Bengkel was the most important area. The Dutch constructed some infrastructure such as housings for supporting their colonial aims. The unique of colonial architecture which then turned into heritage lies in the acculturation between Dutch and Indonesian cultures and suit the tropical climate in Indonesia. Limited studies have been conducted on the colonial railway heritage in Sigli, especially the typology characteristics of the facades of colonial houses which is of important for architectural heritage conservation data. Thus, this research aims to identify the typology of the facades of houses the Block Bengkel area and some reasons shaped the typology. This research employed qualitative methods with descriptive analysis and a typological theoretical approach to understand the characteristics of colonial architectural elements. The colonial buildings selected as case studies were carried out using a purposive sampling technique through several criteria. The results of this study indicate that there are 4 types of Dutch Colonial residences in the Block Bengkel area of Sigli City, namely: single-stage dwellings, row-stilt houses, non-single-stage dwellings, and non-stilt type dwellings. The diversity building facades of Dutch Colonial residences in the Block Bengkel area of Sigli City caused by physical factors (climate, building materials and color), and non-physical factors (building age, building ownership and function).