Comparative Analysis of STFT and Wavelet Transform in Time-Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals

Abstract

Abstract: The two most common time-frequency analysis methods for non-stationary signals are compared in this paper: the Wavelet Transform and the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The need for effective analysis of signals whose frequency characteristics vary over time is crucial across various scientific and engineering domains. Given the limitations of traditional Fourier Transform methods in handling non-stationary data, this research employs MATLAB simulations to meticulously assess the performance of STFT and Wavelet Transform. The study systematically applies both methods to both synthetic chirp signals and real-world data to evaluate their time-frequency resolution, adaptability, and computational efficiency. Results from the simulations demonstrate that while STFT provides a consistent but rigid analysis framework, the Wavelet Transform offers superior adaptability and detailed signal decomposition, making it more suitable for signals with complex, transient behaviors. The findings aim to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting the most appropriate method based on the specific requirements of their signal analysis tasks. The implications of this research are significant, suggesting enhancements in signal processing techniques that could lead to more precise analysis and interpretation in fields such as telecommunications, seismology, and biomedical engineering. Keywords: Time-Frequency Analysis, Non-Stationary Signals, Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Wavelet Transform, MATLAB Simulations, Signal Processing. Title: Comparative Analysis of STFT and Wavelet Transform in Time-Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals Author: Mst Lathifa Akter Sarna, Md Rakib Hossain, Md Alamgir Islam International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science ISSN 2394-7349 Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024 Page No: 72-78 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 21-May-2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11230337 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Comparative%20Analysis%20of%20STFT-21052024-1.pdf