Direct\nSynthesis of Carbon-Doped TiO₂–Bronze Nanowires\nas Anode Materials for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Carbon-doped TiO₂–bronze\nnanowires were synthesized via a facile doping mechanism and were\nexploited as active material for Li-ion batteries. We demonstrate\nthat both the wire geometry and the presence of carbon doping contribute\nto the high electrochemical performance of these materials. Direct\ncarbon doping for example reduces the Li-ion diffusion length and\nimproves the electrical conductivity of the wires, as demonstrated\nby cycling experiments, which evidenced remarkably higher capacities\nand superior rate capability over the undoped nanowires. The as-prepared\ncarbon-doped nanowires, evaluated in lithium half-cells, exhibited\nlithium storage capacity of ∼306 mA h g^–1 (91% of the theoretical capacity) at the current rate of 0.1<i>C</i> as well as excellent discharge capacity of ∼160\nmAh g^–1 even at the current rate of 10 C after 1000\ncharge/discharge cycles.