ジュンガル王國の形成過程

Abstract

The Zunghar Empire competed with the Qing for hegemony over northern Asia from the late 17th century until the mid-18th, but as yet there is no widely accepted view as to when the empire was established. Most recently, Japanese scholars have proposed that the empire was founded by Galdan Boshogtu Khan in 1678. This view however ignores the state established among the Oirats before Galdan's time. I therefore cannot agree with it. It is more likely that the Zunghar Empire was established under the authority of the Zunghar chieftain Baatur qong tayiji. The Great Code (Yeke caaji) which was instituted in 1640 forms the constitution of this empire. The following basic problems were investigated in an attempt to elucidate the course of the formation of the Zunghar Empire : 1. The political tendencies of the Oirats during the early 17th century. 2. The rise to power of the Zunghar chieftain Qara Qula･. .Here, I have primarily investigated the military role played by Qara.Qula in the continuous wars between the Oirats and the Akin Khan of.the Western Khalkha which started in 1620, concluding that Qara Qula's.rise to prominence was intimately related to his military successes in.these struggles. 3. The political position of Qara Qula's son Baatur qong tayiji. Here, I have concentrated on an investigation of the various problems concerning the formation of Baatur qong tayiji's ulus, the political and economic relations between his government and that of Russia, and the institution of the Great Code (Yeke caaji). In accord with the above researches, I have concluded that the unification of the state of the Oirats was established under the authority of Baatur qong tayiji.