Methylene Blue Adsorption by Activated Carbon and Nano–Activated Carbon from Biomass Waste: A Review

Abstract

Dyes are becoming increasingly prevalent in wastewater, and their presence caused serious threats to the environment. One of the most widely used dyes is methylene blue which has been used in the textile industry to dye cotton, wool, and silk. As a solution to this problem, using biomass (usually considered agricultural or plantation waste) as activated carbon is an important issue. Because based on previous studies, these materials are not only abundant and affordable but also have high efficiency in removing dye. Therefore, this paper will provide a further review of the latest research on the use of activated carbon from biomass as an adsorbent for methylene blue, which includes the conversion process of biomass into activated carbon, the mechanism of methylene blue adsorption, the factors that influence adsorption process, and the characteristics of activated carbon. In addition, it also reviewed the implementation of nanotechnology on activated carbon from biomass to adsorb with methylene blue.