CO₂ Hydrate Formation and Dissociation\nin Cooled Porous Media: A Potential Technology for CO₂ Capture\nand Storage

Abstract

The\npurpose of this study was to investigate the hydrate formation and\ndissociation with CO₂ flowing through cooled porous media\nat different flow rates, pressures, temperatures, and flow directions.\nCO₂ hydrate saturation was quantified using the mean intensity\nof water. The experimental results showed that the hydrate block appeared\nfrequently, and it could be avoided by stopping CO₂ flooding\nearly. Hydrate formed rapidly as the temperature was set to 274.15\nor 275.15 K, but the hydrate formation delayed when it was 276.15\nK. The flow rate was an important parameter for hydrate formation;\na too high or too low rate was not suitable for CO₂ hydration\nformation. A low operating pressure was also unacceptable. The gravity\nmade hydrate form easily in the vertically upward flow direction.\nThe pore water of the second cycle converted to hydrate more completely\nthan that of the first cycle, which was a proof of the hydrate “memory\neffect”. When the pressure was equal to atmospheric pressure,\nhydrate did not dissociate rapidly and abundantly, and a long time\nor reduplicate depressurization should be used in industrial application.