Effects of glycine on the solid-state synthesis of barium titanate micro-particles with high tetragonality

Abstract

\nAddition of glycine (Gly), an amino acid, decreases the \ndecomposition temperature of barium carbonate. This accelerates the \nsolid-state addition reaction of BaCO$_{3}$ with TiO$_{2}$. By adding Gly \nand subsequent vibro-milling for 3h, well-dispersed BaTiO$_{3}$ (BT) \nmicro-particles were obtained with their average size 180 nm and lattice \ntetragonality 1.0098. The acceleration of the reaction toward BT by Gly is \nbasically attributed to the coordination of Gly to barium to loosen the \nmetal – CO$_{3}$ bonds and to facilitate the detachment of CO$_{2}$ and \nthus providing higher nucleation site density.\n