Electrochemical Generation of Individual O<sub>2</sub> Nanobubbles\nvia H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Oxidation
Hang Ren (1312905)Sean R. German (1454830)Martin A. Edwards (1338003)Qianjin Chen (1339503)Henry S. White (1339506)
Abstract
Herein,\nwe use Pt nanodisk electrodes (apparent radii from 4 to\n80 nm) to investigate the nucleation of individual O<sub>2</sub> nanobubbles\ngenerated by electrooxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). A single bubble reproducibly nucleates when the dissolved\nO<sub>2</sub> concentration reaches ∼0.17 M at the Pt electrode\nsurface. This nucleation concentration is ∼130 times higher\nthan the equilibrium saturation concentration of O<sub>2</sub> and\nis independent of electrode size. Moreover, in acidic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solutions (1 M HClO<sub>4</sub>), in addition to producing\nan O<sub>2</sub> nanobubble through H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidation\nat positive potentials, individual H<sub>2</sub> nanobubbles can also\nbe generated at negative potentials. Alternating generation of single\nO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> bubbles within the same experiment\nallows direct comparison of the critical concentrations for nucleation\nof each nanobubble without knowing the precise size/geometry of the\nelectrode or the exact viscosity/temperature of the solution.
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