Tratamento neoadjuvante em câncer de mama: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent neoplasms, with treatments continually evolving.Neoadjuvant therapy, administered before surgery, aims to reduce tumor size, facilitating less invasive interventionsand allowing for the monitoring of treatment response. The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy has been investigated,focusing on its effects on mortality, quality of life, and complications. Objective: This study aims to systematicallyreview the literature on neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer, addressing its indications, methods, complications,outcomes, and impact on patients' quality of life, while also comparing it to adjuvant therapy. Methodology: Theresearch was conducted as a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles published from2024 onward were selected using descriptors such as "neoadjuvant therapy," "breast cancer," "mortality," "quality oflife," and "complications," sourced from the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. Results: Thereview showed that neoadjuvant therapy is effective in tumor reduction, particularly in HER2­positive and triplenegative breast cancers. However, it is associated with significant side effects that impact patients' quality of life.The treatment also facilitates more conservative surgeries and may improve outcomes in advanced tumors.Conclusion: Neoadjuvant therapy offers clear benefits in terms of tumor reduction and survival improvement, but itsside effects need to be properly managed. The choice between neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments should beindividualized.