Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis: An eco-friendly approach with promising anticancer potency

Abstract

Objective(s): Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plant extracts has gained significant attention for its eco-friendly approach and potential therapeutic applications. In this study, we present the green synthesis of AuNPs utilizing Stachytarpheta jamaicensis extract, exploring its potency for anticancer therapy. Materials and Methods: The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The anticancer potency of AuNPs was examined by MTT assay in the breast cancer (MCF7) cell line, along with gene expression analysis of two oncogenes, c-Myc (MYC) and Cyclin D1 (CCND1). Results: The formation of AuNPs was proven by SEM with an average particle size of 60.3 nm. FTIR analysis elucidated the plant extract components responsible for the reduction and stabilization processes during AuNP synthesis, affirming the involvement of multiple compounds from S. jamaicensis extract. Cytotoxicity assessments in the MCF7 cell line demonstrated a substantial reduction in cell viability, yielding an IC50 value of 19.53 µg/mL. The downregulation of MYC and CCND1 following AuNP treatment hinted at a potential mechanism underpinning the observed decrease in cell viability. Conclusion: Our findings significantly contribute to the evolving body of evidence advocating for the use of green-synthesized AuNPs from S. jamaicensis extract as promising contenders in anticancer therapy. Emphasizing their potential in targeted cancer treatment strategies, this study underscores the importance of environmentally conscious approaches in nanomedicine development.