Gadolinium Oxide Ultranarrow Nanorods as Multimodal Contrast Agents for Optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Gautom Kumar Das (521369)Boon Chin Heng (63706)Sui-Choon Ng (2295718)Tim White (2082118)Joachim Say Chye Loo (587303)Loyola D’Silva (2201884)Parasuraman Padmanabhan (1919902)Kishore K. Bhakoo (1919923)Subramanian Tamil Selvan (1919917)Timothy Thatt Yang Tan (1746712)
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple synthetic strategy for the fabrication of single-phase rare earth (RE) doped gadolinium oxide (Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:RE where RE = terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), and erbium (Er)) nanorods (NRs) as multimodal imaging probes. The NRs are ultranarrow and exhibit both emission and magnetic characteristics. The Tb-doped and Yb/Er-codoped Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NRs exhibit down- and up-conversion fluorescence respectively, and also exhibit paramagnetism. Importantly, these codoped NRs possess excellent magnetic characteristics, as shown in their longitudinal relaxation time (T1) -weighted image contrast, which is closer to that of commercial Gadovist for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. This property opens up new avenues in the development of contrast agents.
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