Stretchable\nLiquid Metal-Based Metal-Polymer Conductors\nfor Fully Screen-Printed Biofuel Cells

Abstract

We reported a straightforward and low-cost method to\nfabricate\nstretchable biofuel cells by using liquid metal-based metal-polymer\nconductors. The liquid-metal-based metal-polymer conductors had a\nconductivity of 2.7 × 10⁵ S/m and a stretchability\nlarger than 200%, giving the biofuel cell good conformability to the\nskin. The glucose biofuel cells (BFCs) yielded a maximum power density\nas 14.11 μW/cm² at 0.31 V with 0.2 mM glucose, while\nthe lactate BFCs reached 31.00 μW/cm² at 0.51 V with\n15 mM lactate. The results of 24 h short circuit current density showed\nthat, with enough biofuel, this patch could be used over the course\nof an entire day for wearable sensors.