Water Splitting-Assisted Electrocatalytic Oxidation\nof Glucose with a Metal–Organic Framework for Wearable Nonenzymatic\nPerspiration Sensing

Abstract

In\nthis work, a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on electrochemical\nwater splitting-assisted electrocatalysis is developed for wearable\nperspiration glucose analysis. Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) encapsulated\nin a Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) is prepared\nand used as the electrocatalyst. In comparison to previously reported\nnonenzymatic glucose sensors which detect glucose in alkaline buffers,\nthe proposed sensor analyzes glucose under physiological pH with no\nadditional reagents, which enables wearable, maintenance-free perspiration\nglucose monitoring for a long time. The nonenzymatic sensor and a\nflexible printed circuit board (FPCB) is integrated into a sweatband\nfor real-time analysis of perspiration glucose. The test results of\nperspiration glucose using our sensor are correlated to those of blood\nglucose tests by a commercial glucose meter. The sensitivity of the\nsensor remains stable within 2 months when it is stored unpacked under\nambient conditions. Therefore, we believe it is promising for wearable\nnonenzymatic glucose monitoring for noninvasive clinical analysis\nand sport applications.