Carbonaceous Materials in Green Sample Preparation

Abstract

Owing to their fascinating properties such as high surface area-to-volume ratios, porosity, chemical/thermal stability, and conductivity, carbonaceous materials are considered to be one of the excellent classes of adsorbent/sorbent materials and have led to significant advancements in the field of analytical chemistry. Their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, environmentally friendly nature, and non-toxic adsorbent behavior make them extremely useful for green sample preparation techniques such as solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, and magnetic solid phase extraction. Herein, an overview of recent uses of carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes (single/multiwalled carbon nanotubes), graphene/graphene oxide (GO)-based materials, cellulose, lignin, carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanodiamonds, carbon nanofibres, and activated carbon as green sorbents in green sample preparation techniques has been provided in detail along with their advantages and limitations.