Multipass Inkjet\nPrinting of Lead Halide Perovskite\nPixels onto Flexible Substrates

Abstract

We present a facile method of writing single perovskite\npixels\nonto flexible substrates by inkjet printing of precursor solution.\nThe optimum amount of material per pixel was determined using multipass\nprinting. The surface morphology and surface energy of the substrate\nwere optimized to obtain well-defined pixels with a resolution of\n500 dots per inch or higher. MAPbI₃ perovskite pixels of\nsizes as low as 30 μm were printed in 5 × 5 arrays on PET\nsubstrates coated with various polymers as well as with mesoporous\nsilica. Among all surface modifications used, the pixels printed on\nPMMA-coated and mesoporous silica-coated PET substrates showed the\nbest performance with a well-defined circular shape and the highest\nphotoluminescence (PL) intensity. The morphology development and the\noptical performance of the pixels per printing pass were characterized\nin detail with confocal fluorescence microscopy, PL measurements,\nand scanning electron microscopy.