Constructing\nUltra-High Current Direct-Current Tribo-Photovoltaic\nNanogenerators via Cu/Perovskite Schottky Junction

Abstract

Perovskite-based\ndirect-current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC-TENGs)\nleveraging the tribo-photovoltaic effect have garnered significant\nattention for their ability to simultaneously harvest mechanical and\nsolar energy, effectively enhancing the output performance of DC-TENGs.\nHerein, we innovatively construct a rolling-mode Cu/ternary cation\nperovskite (FA_0.945MA_0.025Cs_0.03Pb(I_0.975Br_0.025)₃) Schottky junction DC-TENGs\nwith ultrahigh current output and excellent operational stability.\nThe Cu/perovskite Schottky junction ensures the formation of an internal\nelectric field, promoting carrier separation and directional movement\nfor a stable DC output. Under AM 1.5 G illumination, the DC-TENG achieves\na short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc) and current\ndensity of 408 μA and 27.2 A/m², respectively, marking\na 119 times increase as compared to dark conditions and the highest\nreported <i>I</i>_sc for perovskite DC-TENGs.\nWith over 30 min of operation, the current output remains stable.\nThe DC-TENGs exhibit promising applications in temperature and humidity\nsensing and self-powered photodetection. Furthermore, by adjusting\nthe light power density, the optimal internal output impedance of\nDC-TENGs can be tuned broadly from 0.9 to 132 kΩ, offering great\npotential for impedance matching in self-powered microelectronic components.\nThis research provides insights into the development of multifunctional\nDC-TENG devices with coupled mechanical and solar energy, expanding\nthe application scope of perovskite materials and devices.