Introduction: Civil Society and Human Flourishing City States and Republics, c.400 BCE-400 Heavenly Mandates, 400-1500 The Emergence of the Sovereign State, 1500-1700 From Subject to Citizen, 1700-1815 Ideology and Equality, 1815-1914 Breakdown and Uncertainty, 1914-2010 Conclusion Endnotes Index