Constructive engagement?: Chester Crocker & American policy in South Africa, Namibia & Angola, 1981-8

Abstract

Introduction I CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT & SOUTH AFRICA The aims of constructive engagement Resisting sanctions: constructive economic engagement? Further debates in Washington Pretoria's perspective Competing agendas within South Africa Constructive engagement inside South Africa: addressing local realities? II LINKAGE: SOUTH AFRICA, ANGOLA & NAMIBIA Washington's interests & Crocker's linkage strategy Pretoria & UNITA: the beneficiaries of linkage? Linkage policy undermined: destabilization & the funding of UNITA Factors behind the Angolan/Namibian settlement Effects of the settlement on less powerful actors III CONCLUSIONS Successes & failures of constructive engagement Implications for today's policy makers.