Wireless Perception-Based Monitoring Technology for Human Vital Signs Status

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of 5G communication and computing technologies, wireless sensing has demonstrated extensive application prospects in human vital sign monitoring. This article systematically reviews noncontact vital sign monitoring technologies based on Wi-Fi and millimeter-wave radar, covering their fundamental principles, typical applications, and key challenges. First, the fundamental mechanisms of wireless sensing are introduced, including the use of Channel State Information (CSI) in multipath environments and the micro-Doppler effect in Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar. Then, key technologies and developments in typical applications—such as driver behavior recognition, gesture interaction, and heart rate monitoring—are examined in detail. Key challenges in practical applications are summarized, including weak signal detection, clutter suppression, and model generalization. Finally, future development trends are discussed, including multimodal fusion, intelligent algorithm optimization, and device miniaturization. This review aims to provide technical references and insights for future development to researchers in related fields.