Factores nutricionales asociados al riesgo cardiovascular  en mujeres peruanas

Abstract

Introduction: There is evidence supporting the significant consumption of vegetables and fruits, providing benefits to cardiovascular health. However, it would be useful to know to what extent they are related to health. Objective: To determine the nutritional factors associated with cardiovascular risk in Peruvian women. Methods: Quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach; this is a secondary analysis of the database from the 2024 National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). The sample consisted of 1,312 Peruvian women aged 18-60. Anthropometric data, the cardiovascular risk variable (1=low risk, 2=high risk), and fruit and vegetable consumption were collected. Spearman's test and binary logistic regression were performed using SPSS 27 software, applying a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The factors associated with cardiovascular risk in adult women were age (OR = 4.986; p=0.001) and BMI (OR = 30.185; p=0.001). Likewise, consumption of portions of fruit salad showed a protective effect (OR = 0.680; p = 0.03) against cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: Age and BMI were significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk, while consumption of fruit salad portions showed a protective effect. Encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption helps reduce cardiovascular risk.