Non-Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Li- and Post-Li Ion Batteries

Abstract

As society transitions toward a more sustainable energy future, the demand for low-cost energy storage systems for large-scale applications continues to grow. Classical lithium (Li) layered transition metal oxides have shown great promise and remain the most widely used cathode materials for conventional Li-ion batteries. However, these materials rely on expensive cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) to stabilize their ordered layered structure and maintain functionality. Furthermore, the practical energy density of layered transition metal oxides in Na- and K-ion batteries is limited by their inherently sloped voltage profiles. Therefore, developing cathode materials beyond classical layered transition metal oxides for Li- and post-Li-ion batteries is a key priority. In this presentation, I will discuss materials design strategies to overcome the limitations of classical layered structures and highlight Co- and Ni-free cathode materials.