Association between underdiagnosed and overdiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with all-cause mortality

Abstract

Participants with COPD underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis had increased disease burden and mortality risk. Spirometry screening facilitates the standardization of COPD diagnosis, which might reduce underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. If spirometry is unavailable in resource-limited settings, underlying etiology-based intervention should be initiated early.