Dual‐Conduction Network in Ionic/ MXene Hydrogels for Advanced Sensing and Electromagnetic Shielding

Abstract

ABSTRACT Herein, we propose an innovative “dual‐ion transport channel” (DITC) strategy to overcome the classic trade‐off between high ionic conductivity and reduced sensing sensitivity in conductive hydrogels. By incorporating MXene nanosheets and CaCl 2 into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix, the system simultaneously establishes two continuous conductive networks: an ion‐transport channel facilitated by enlarged interchain spacing within the amorphous polymer network, and an electron‐conduction pathway through hydrogen‐bonded MXene nanosheets. The resulting hydrogel exhibits integrated properties of flexibility, high strain sensitivity (with a gauge factor of 1.96 within 100%–700% strain), and freezing resistance. A further incorporation of aramid nonwoven fabric layer by layer creates a composite with exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance, achieving a shielding efficiency of approximately 17.8 dB through synergistic dielectric and conduction loss mechanisms. The composite also retains flexibility, flame retardancy, and stable EMI shielding capability under mechanical deformation, highlighting its strong potential for applications in high‐performance wearable sensors and advanced protective textiles.