Efectos de la Educación Física en la salud física y mental en niños en edad preescolar: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Physical activity in preschool children is essential for their physical and mental health, as it significantly contributes to their overall development. Objective: Evaluate the effects of physical education on the physical and mental health of preschool-aged children. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, using the Redalyc and Google Scholar databases, and applying key terms such as "physical education," "physical health," "mental health," and "preschool." Out of a total of 420 articles initially identified, 15 met the established inclusion criteria. Results: Physical Education significantly improves motor coordination and balance in preschoolers, promoting the development of gross motor skills. Additionally, a reduction in anxiety and an improvement in the mood of children who participate in regular physical activities were observed. Physical Education intervention also promotes cognitive, social, and emotional development, improving concentration, social interaction skills, and emotional self-regulation. Conclusion: Physical Education plays a crucial role in the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of preschool children. This study highlights the importance of implementing structured physical activity programs from the earliest stages, not only to promote overall health but also to support the development of key skills during this crucial stage of childhood.