Artificial Intelligence in Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes increasingly prevalent in the tourism sector, an in-depth exploration of its opportunities and potential risks for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is urgently needed. However, existing research falls short in constructing an integrated knowledge framework that systematically clarifies how AI can effectively advance sustainable tourism, leaving theoretical understanding and practical pathways relatively fragmented. To address this gap, this study employs a systematic literature review following the strict SPAR-4-SLR protocol and integrates a domain-based TCCM (i.e., theories, contexts, characteristics, and methods) analysis framework. A total of 177 core articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases were rigorously analyzed. This study first examines publication trends, key journals, and the citation impact of AI in tourism. It then systematically synthesizes the theoretical foundations, research contexts, characteristics, and methodologies. Most importantly, this review delves into the antecedents, decision-making processes (including mediating and moderating variables), and outcomes of AI applications in the tourism industry. This study not only delineates a clear direction and agenda for future academic inquiry but also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for policymakers and tourism managers to design and implement AI-driven sustainable tourism strategies.