ECO-FRIENDLY SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING APPLE PEEL EXTRACT

Abstract

The increase of antibiotic resistance has motivated the pursuit for alternative, environmentally friendly antimicrobial agents. This study reveals the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Malus domestica (apple) peel extract, which performances as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. A distinct color transformation from yellow to brown designated AgNP formation, further confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy at 412 nm. The synthesized AgNPs were tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Results indicated strong antimicrobial activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results offer a sustainable approach for converting fruit waste into biocompatible nanomaterials with strong potential in remedial and ecological fields.