Bioactive Glass Containing Easily Injectable Hydrogels: Design Strategies and Functional Regulations for Promoting Immunomodulatory and Osteogenic Effects

Abstract

ABSTRACT Developing skin wound dressing injectable hydrogels (especially polyacrylamide, chitosan, and sodium alginate) loaded with bioactive glass (BG) is novel and exciting in the healthcare safety net, particularly in support of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. BG's excellent compatibility and bioactivity integrate with the advantageous properties of hydrogels, which are injectable and foster moist environments that support cell growth. This review looks at how polyacrylamide, chitosan, and sodium alginate‐based hydrogels are made and how these hydrogels are characterized, using different amounts of BG. The review evaluates the strength of hybrid hydrogels loaded with BG, focusing on how much they swell and how quickly they break down. The physicochemical, mechanical, and tribological characteristics are highlighted in the report to showcase the surface phenomenon, interfacial interactions, and frictional behavior of BG‐seeded hydrogels. Because the glass releases advantageous ions, the bioactivity investigation shows that these hybrid hydrogels enhance the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. This process also allows for a controlled release of therapeutic substances, making them suitable for ongoing treatment. The potential uses of these injectable hydrogels go beyond just bone repair; they can also be applied in wound healing, drug delivery, and soft tissue repair. These hydrogels represent a promising approach to creating advanced materials that could greatly enhance patient care in various medical areas. Future research will focus on improving these formulations and testing their effectiveness in living models.