Evaluation of Ethanol Coproducts as Sustainable Protein Sources in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Diets

Abstract

Use of corn‐fermented protein (CFP), a new product produced using Fluid Quip Technologies, as a protein source in aquaculture feeds, constitutes a promising option due to its dependable supply and cost‐effectiveness. In this study, two growth trials were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of CFP products such as CFPA (48% crude protein [CP]), CFPB1 (50% CP), and CFPB2 (60% CP) from two different sources (A and B) in practical diets for juvenile Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ). The test diets in both trials were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic (36% crude protein and 6% crude lipid). These diets were produced by supplementing the basal diet with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% CFPA or 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% of CFPB1 and CFPB2 to replace soybean meal (SBM) on an isonitrogenous basis. In a 6‐week experiment, shrimp (1.02 ± 0.02 g mean weight, 15 shrimp per tank, n = 6) were offered CFPA diets. Growth parameters and protein retention showed no significant differences among diets. However, a significant feed conversion ratio (FCR) increase was observed when shrimp were fed a diet containing 20% CFPA compared to the basal and 5% CFPA diets. Physiological gene expression analysis revealed no signs of gut inflammation or shifts in hepatopancreas digestive enzymes ( p > 0.05). However, the expression of immune‐related tnf-α gene was significantly upregulated ( p < 0.05) in shrimp‐fed CFPA 25% diet compared to CFPA 5% and control groups. In a 7‐week experiment, shrimp (0.55 ± 0.01 g, 15 shrimp per tank, n = 5) received experimental CFPB1 or CFPB2 diets. No differences were observed in growth performance. This research highlights the potential of CFP as a protein source in shrimp diets by expanding the range of feed ingredients and identifying optimal inclusion levels.