Sustainable Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications

Abstract

The global transition toward sustainable energy systems has intensified the need for advanced energy storage technologies, with nanomaterials playing a pivotal role in enhancing device performance. The synthesis of nanomaterials has traditionally relied on methods that pose significant environmental risks due to high-energy demands, hazardous chemicals, and waste generation. This review examines the paradigm shift toward sustainable synthesis approaches that integrate green chemistry principles while maintaining high material performance. Most countries worldwide have committed to reaching carbon neutrality by the end of the century, with the aim to achieve Net Zero before 2060, making sustainable nanomaterial production critical for achieving climate goals. The analysis reveals that biomass-derived materials, green solvents, and energy-efficient processing techniques can achieve comparable performance to conventional methods while significantly reducing environmental impact. Key challenges include scalability, cost optimization, and standardization, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration for successful implementation.