Forgery-Aware Guided Spatial–Frequency Feature Fusion for Face Image Forgery Detection

Abstract

The rapid development of deepfake technologies has led to the widespread proliferation of facial image forgeries, raising significant concerns over identity theft and the spread of misinformation. Although recent dual-domain detection approaches that integrate spatial and frequency features have achieved noticeable progress, they still suffer from limited sensitivity to local forgery regions and inadequate interaction between spatial and frequency information in practical applications. To address these challenges, we propose a novel forgery-aware guided spatial–frequency feature fusion network. A lightweight U-Net is employed to generate pixel-level saliency maps by leveraging structural symmetry and semantic consistency, without relying on ground-truth masks. These maps dynamically guide the fusion of spatial features (from an improved Swin Transformer) and frequency features (via Haar wavelet transforms). Cross-domain attention, channel recalibration, and spatial gating are introduced to enhance feature complementarity and regional discrimination. Extensive experiments conducted on two benchmark face forgery datasets, FaceForensics++ and Celeb-DFv2, show that the proposed method consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques in terms of detection accuracy and generalization capability. The future work includes improving robustness under compression, incorporating temporal cues, extending to multimodal scenarios, and evaluating model efficiency for real-world deployment.