Aplicación de blockchain en la trazabilidad de la cadena de suministro

Abstract

This article analyzes the transformative role of blockchain technology in supply chain traceability in the face of the growing demand for transparency, integrity and logistics efficiency. Through a systematic literature review of scientific literature indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, key benefits such as improved real-time visibility, product authentication and fraud reduction were identified. The qualitative methodology applied allowed us to categorize relevant findings on applications, limitations and implementation challenges in sectors such as food, pharmaceutical and manufacturing. Among the most outstanding benefits are the automation of tracking through IoT sensors, the strengthening of inter-organizational trust and the possibility of establishing digital audits. However, technical obstacles such as limited platform scalability, lack of standardization and organizational resistance to change are also evident. It is concluded that, although blockchain offers considerable disruptive potential, its mass adoption requires technological improvements, clear regulatory frameworks and collaborative strategies between logistical, regulatory and technological stakeholders. This study provides a comprehensive framework useful for future academic and business developments.