Review of Factors Influencing Graduation Rates Among Postgraduate Students: Implications for Higher Education Policy and Practice

Abstract

This study examines the multifaceted challenges and success factors that influence postgraduate students, with a focus on academic, financial, institutional, and mental health dimensions. Employing a PRISMA approach, a systematic review of literature published between 2020 and 2024 was conducted, utilising databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria, providing comprehensive insights into the experiences of postgraduate students. The findings highlight significant academic challenges, including research complexity, writing skills, and workload management, which are mitigated by intense supervision and institutional support. Financial constraints emerged as a significant barrier to success, with scholarships and grants playing a crucial role in alleviating stress and enhancing academic outcomes. Mental health challenges, such as stress and anxiety, were prevalent, underscoring the need for accessible counselling services and stress management programs. Recommendations include enhancing institutional support systems, providing flexible learning options, and increasing access to mental health resources. The study concludes that addressing these challenges through targeted interventions can significantly improve postgraduate success rates. Implications for practice include integrating comprehensive support services within academic institutions. At the same time, the impact on theory suggests a need to expand frameworks on student success to encompass financial and mental health dimensions.