Nanomaterial-based Neurotransmitter Sensors

Abstract

Neurotransmitters are neuronal chemical messengers that play an essential role in the signalling between nerve cells, and between nerve cells and the rest of the body. The information they carry is crucial in maintaining important physiological functions. Any abnormalities in the neurotransmitter levels in the body can lead to dysregulation of brain functions, leading to various disorders. Electrochemical sensing of these biomolecules is desirable over other conventional analytical techniques such as spectroscopy, colorimetry, or chromatography, due to its sensitivity, low cost, and rapid and convenient operation. Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors provide additional benefits such as improved sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and fast response. Over the years, extensive research has been conducted on nano-sensing platforms utilizing carbon nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, and other novel nanocomposites to quantify neurochemicals. In this article, we discuss some of the recent developments of nanosensors in neurochemical detection along with a brief overview of various neurotransmitters, the significance of neurotransmitter detection, the basics of the electrochemical methods, different classes of nanomaterials, and their role in sensing applications.