BaTiO₃ Nanoparticle‐Modified PVDF‐HFP/PMMA Blend: Enhancing the Piezoelectricity Behavior for Advanced Energy Harvesting Applications

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study presents the development of flexible nanocomposite films composed of a polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix reinforced with varying concentrations of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanoparticles (0.5–4 wt%). Using the solution casting method, BaTiO 3 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed, leading to the exclusive formation of the piezoelectric β‐phase at just 1.5 wt% BaTiO 3 , which significantly enhanced the material's piezoelectric response. Below this concentration, a mixture of β‐ and α‐phases was observed, with the β‐phase content increasing by 60% at 1.5 wt% BaTiO 3 . The incorporation of BaTiO 3 also improved the thermal stability and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites, as demonstrated by detailed frequency‐dependent analyses of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. This work provides a cost‐effective and scalable approach to designing high‐performance piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting applications, addressing the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions in wearable electronics and self‐powered devices. The enhanced flexibility and superior material properties of these films make them promising candidates for advancing renewable energy technologies.