Innovative Approaches in Skin Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Skin cancer, including melanoma, is a worldwide health issue with rising rates. UV exposure, genetics, and environment are risk factors. NMSCs grow from UV radiation, genetic mutations, and viruses. Melanocyte-derived melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, with adolescent UV exposure and genetic susceptibility as risk factors. DNA damage and immunosuppression result from UV exposure. Adolescent sunburns increase melanoma risk, whereas cumulative UV exposure increases BCC and SCC risk. Tanning beds, HPV, chemicals, and immunosuppression are further risk factors Whites' lower melanin levels increase their risk and requires early diagnosis. Understanding these aspects is crucial for global skin cancer prevention and individualized treatment. Terpenes, plant chemicals, regulate apoptosis, autophagy, signaling pathways, gene expression, angiogenesis, and inflammation by downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins and upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins. Terpenes also boost conventional chemotherapeutics. Exploring terpenes as melanoma treatments requires understanding these pathways.