Biosensors and noninvasive diagnostics

Abstract

Biosensors as analytical devices are considered in this review, as well as their applications for noninvasive medical diagnostics. Particular attention is paid to the achievements of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Advanced biosensors based on the most advantageous electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide reduction (Prussian Blue) and the improved enzyme immobilization protocol from water-organic mixtures with the high content of organic solvent are described. Record performance characteristics of the elaborated (bio)sensors allow analysis of excretory liquids for noninvasive diagnostics. Diagnostic value of human sweat is shown through correlation in concentrations of key metabolites between sweat and blood. The construction, working principle and real operation of noninvasive wearable devices are discussed considering diabetes monitor as valuable example. It is concluded that noninvasive monitoring on the basis of just secreted sweat is not only painless and suitable for patient, but also the most progressive principle for wearable devices.