FRET-based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Enzyme Detection: Current Insight

Abstract

Over the decade many types of fluorescent sensors have been developed for detectingdiverse types of analyte. The sensors developed using the phenomenon of fluorescence provide highsensitivity, selectivity, for the analyte that they are being developed for. This has led to a huge increasein development of sensors for biomarkers that are particularly of importance for early detectionor diagnosis of life threatening diseases. In addition to the advantages of Fluorimetry there iscontinuous research going on to create sensors that are easy to construct, reproducible, cost and timeefficient, along with maintaining sensitivity enough for accurate determination of the analyte of interest.As the research advanced, the dyes used as simple sensors were replaced with other moleculesas a substrate for biomarker or other analyte sensing. Additionally, early scientists used single emissionsensors for detection of analyte. Further, the single emission sensors were evolved to dual emissionand then further advancement led to innovation of ratiometric sensors. These ratiometric sensorsprovide good internal standard referencing system which gives them good sensitivity as compared toother luminescent sensors. Through this review we aim to provide useful information on the subjectof FRET, ratiometric fluorescence analysis, the types of materials used for developing the sensorsand examples of biosensors used for enzyme detection.