Metal and metal oxide-based electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring

Abstract

Environmental monitoring is one of the keys to improving safety measures in many spheres of life. The environment is everything in and around us. Pollution of the water, air, and soil, contaminated food, chemical exposures, UV radiation, and climate change all contribute to several global diseases and health problems globally and offer risk factors. Therefore, these environmental threats must be monitored and controlled. To do this, cutting-edge procedures that can quickly and sensitively identify different environmental pollutants are needed. An electrochemical biosensor that combines excellent selectivity of biological affinity with accurate electrochemical detection is one of the most essential instruments for evaluating ecological contaminants. The focus of this work is on electrochemical biosensors to determine the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Environmental biosensors are still improving and making strides in simplicity, sensitivity, and selectivity.