Triphenylamine-Based Solid-State Emissive Fluorene Derivative with Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement Characteristics

Abstract

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Understanding the mechanisms underlying AIE phenomena is crucial. Here, we present the design and synthesis of a novel fluorene derivative (4) based on triphenylamine, which exhibits typical AIE properties. The structure of it was totally characterized using FT-IR, MALDI-TOF mass analysis, elemental analysis, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It displayed strong solid-state emission with diverse fluorescence characteristics. The AIE property of the compound was systematically studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealing a distinct yellow light-emitting phenomenon. The solid-state luminescence showed a red shift of 148 nm compared to its luminescence in dilute dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions. Moreover, photophysical characteristics, including absorption and emission spectra, as well as fluorescence lifetime, were examined using UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Compound (4) exhibited superior photosensitization abilities in both solid and solution states, with a notably enhanced effect observed in the solid state compared to the solution state.