Phenylalanine: Amino Acid Metal Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Voltammetric Sensors

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of non-enzymatic electrochemical voltammetric sensors, utilizing phenylalanine amino acid metal complexes (M: Ni, Zn, and Co) Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites (NCs). The PANI: Zn(Phala) 2 NCs-based sensor detected dopamine (DA) with a sensitivity of 101.18 μAμM −1 cm −2 . The limit of detection (LOD) for the PANI: Zn(Phala) 2 NCs-based sensor was calculated as 0.391 μM. This exceptional sensitivity makes the PANI: Zn(Phala) 2 NCs-based sensor highly promising for potential integration into biomedical test kits. To gain deeper insights into the structural properties of the PANI NCs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), artificial-intelligence-based SEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed for characterization. FTIR characterization provided insights into the functional groups of the NCs. The results of this comparative investigation a significant advancement in the field of PANI-based electrochemical sensors designed for DA sensing. The PANI: Zn(Phala) 2 NCs-based sensor show great promise for a range of advanced sensing applications. The Z value of the PANI: Zn(Phala) 2 NCs-based sensor is the lowest among the tested materials, indicating that the conductivity of the PANI: Zn(Phala) 2 layer is higher than that of other active layers. Consequently, the PANI: Zn(Phala) 2 NCs-based sensor achieved higher sensitivity in DA detection.